Birthdate: February 13, 1910
Sun Sign: Aquarius
Birthplace: London, England
Died: August 12, 1989
William Shockley was an American inventor, physicist, and manager at Bell Labs. He, along with John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 for their work on semiconductors and the transistor effect. Shockley played a key role in the commercialization of a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s, contributing to the establishment of Silicon Valley as an electronics hub. Despite his successes, Shockley’s management style caused the departure of talented employees who later founded major companies. In his later years, Shockley became known for his controversial racist and eugenicist views.
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